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Liminallıq (ing. Liminality) və ya Aralıq mərhələ — şotland etnoloq Viktor Turnerin daha əvvəl Arnold van Gennep tərəfindən irəli sürülmüş keçid mərasimləri nəzəriyyəsini inkişaf etdirərək, cəmiyyət daxilində bir təbəqənin həmin cəmiyyətə hakim olan digər təbəqədən tədricən ayrılması və fərqlənməsi nəticəsində ortaya çıxan aralıq vəziyyəti (arada qalmışlığı) təsvir edən bir konsepsiya. Buna əsasən, əsas ünsür olan icmadan ayrılan bu digər təbəqə qəbul edilmə ilə rədd edilmə arasındakı tərəddüd içərisində varlığını davam etdirir.
Liminallıq anlayışı eyni zamanda bir ictimai statusdan digərinə keçərkən, iki ictimai status arasındakı aralıq vəziyyətdə, statussuz və qeyri-müəyyən olaraq qalmaq mənasını da daşıyır. İcmanın yeni üzvləri ictimai statuslarını əldə edənə qədər, qəbul edilməmişlik vəziyyətində yaşayırlar.
Liminallıq nümunələri
Liminallıq iki fərqli status arasındakı bir keçidi təsvir etdiyi üçün, bu mövzu haqqında verilə biləcək ən yaxşı nümunələrdən biri yetkinlik dövrüdür. Çünki, yetkinliyə çatmış bir fərd hələ əldə edəcəyi şəxsiyyətə və ya mövqeyə çatmamışdır, lakin artıq köhnə şəxsiyyətini də tərk etmişdir. Əvvəlki statusuna aid olan imtiyazları və məsuliyyətləri arxada qoymuşdur, lakin yeni statusunun gətirəcəyi üstünlükləri də hələ əldə edə bilməmişdir. Beləliklə, yeniyetmə artıq uşaq deyil, lakin hələ yeniyetmə də deyil. Uşaq olmanın gətirdiyi bəzi imtiyazları itirmişdir, yetkinliyin gətirdiyi üstünlüklər və öhdəliklər isə qarşıdadır.
İstinadlar
- "Arxivlənmiş surət". 24 noyabr 2018 tarixində arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 23 mart 2019.
Ədəbiyyat siyahısı
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Liminalliq ing Liminality ve ya Araliq merhele sotland etnoloq Viktor Turnerin daha evvel Arnold van Gennep terefinden ireli surulmus kecid merasimleri nezeriyyesini inkisaf etdirerek cemiyyet daxilinde bir tebeqenin hemin cemiyyete hakim olan diger tebeqeden tedricen ayrilmasi ve ferqlenmesi neticesinde ortaya cixan araliq veziyyeti arada qalmisligi tesvir eden bir konsepsiya Buna esasen esas unsur olan icmadan ayrilan bu diger tebeqe qebul edilme ile redd edilme arasindaki tereddud icerisinde varligini davam etdirir Liminalliq anlayisi eyni zamanda bir ictimai statusdan digerine kecerken iki ictimai status arasindaki araliq veziyyetde statussuz ve qeyri mueyyen olaraq qalmaq menasini da dasiyir Icmanin yeni uzvleri ictimai statuslarini elde edene qeder qebul edilmemislik veziyyetinde yasayirlar Liminalliq numuneleriLiminalliq iki ferqli status arasindaki bir kecidi tesvir etdiyi ucun bu movzu haqqinda verile bilecek en yaxsi numunelerden biri yetkinlik dovrudur Cunki yetkinliye catmis bir ferd hele elde edeceyi sexsiyyete ve ya movqeye catmamisdir lakin artiq kohne sexsiyyetini de terk etmisdir Evvelki statusuna aid olan imtiyazlari ve mesuliyyetleri arxada qoymusdur lakin yeni statusunun getireceyi ustunlukleri de hele elde ede bilmemisdir Belelikle yeniyetme artiq usaq deyil lakin hele yeniyetme de deyil Usaq olmanin getirdiyi bezi imtiyazlari itirmisdir yetkinliyin getirdiyi ustunlukler ve ohdelikler ise qarsidadir Istinadlar Arxivlenmis suret 24 noyabr 2018 tarixinde arxivlesdirilib Istifade tarixi 23 mart 2019 Edebiyyat siyahisiBarfield Thomas J The Dictionary of Anthropology Oxford Blackwell 1997 Bellow Saul Dangling Man Penguin 1977 Benzel Rick Inspiring Creativity an Anthology of Powerful Insights and Practical Ideas to Guide You to Successful Creating Playa Del Rey CA Creativity Coaching Association 2005 Bly Robert Iron John Dorset 1991 Burke Carolyn Naomi Schor and Margaret Whitford Engaging with Irigaray Feminist Philosophy and Modern European Thought New York Columbia UP 1994 Byatt A S Possession a Romance New York Vintage International 1990 Carson Timothy L Chapter Seven Betwixt and Between Worship and Liminal Reality Transforming Worship St Louis MO Chalice 2003 Casement Patrick Further Learning from the Patient London 1997 Corcoran Neil Do You Mr Jones Bob Dylan with the Poets and Professors London Chatto amp Windus 2002 Costello Stephen J The Pale Criminal Psychoanalytic Perspectives London Karnac 2002 Douglas Mary Implicit Meanings Essays in Anthropology London u a Routledge 1984 Elsbree Langdon Ritual Passages and Narrative Structures New York P Lang 1991 Getz D 2007 Event studies theory research and policy for planned events Burlington MA Butterworth Heinemann Gennep Arnold Van The Rites of Passage Chicago University of Chicago 1960 Girard Rene To Double Business Bound Essays on Literature Mimesis and Anthropology Baltimore Johns Hopkins UP 1988 Girard Rene Violence and the Sacred London Athlone 1988 Homans Peter Jung in Context Modernity and the Making of a Psychology Chicago University of Chicago 1979 Horvath Agnes Liminality and the Unreal Class of the Image making Craft An Essay on Political Alchemy International Political Anthropology 2 1 November 2009 51 73 Horvath Agnes Thomassen Bjorn Mimetic Errors in Liminal Schismogenesis On the Political Anthropology of the Trickster International Political Anthropology 1 1 May 2008 Illouz Eva Consuming the Romantic Utopia Love and the Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism UCP 1997 Jung C G Man and His Symbols London Picador 1978 Kahane Reuven et al The Origins of Postmodern Youth New York 1997 King A R The pursuit of unattainable goals Possibility Studies amp Society 1 18 2024 doi 10 1177 27538699231225551 Liebler Naomi Conn Shakespeare s Festive Tragedy the Ritual Foundations of Genre London Routledge 1995 Lih Andrew The Wikipedia Revolution How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World s Greatest Encyclopedia London Aurum 2009 Mathew Raisun In Between Liminal Stories Authorspress 2022 Miller Jeffrey C and C G Jung The Transcendent Function Jung s Model of Psychological Growth through Dialogue with the Unconscious Albany State University of New York 2004 Nicholas Dean Andrew The Trickster Revisited Deception as a Motif in the Pentatech New York Peter Lang 2009 Oxford English Dictionary Ed J A Simpson and E S C Weiner 2nd ed Oxford Clarendon Press 1989 OED Online Oxford University Press Accessed June 23 2007 subliminal Quasha George amp Charles Stein An Art of Limina Gary Hill s Works and Writings Barcelona Ediciones Poligrafa 2009 Foreword by Lynne Cooke Ramanujan A K Speaking of Siva Harmondsworth Penguin 1979 Robben A and Sluka J Editors Ethnographic Fieldwork An Anthropological Reader Wiley Blackwell 2012 Rogers Carl R On Becoming a Person a Therapist s View of Psychotherapy Boston Houghton Mifflin 1961 Shapiro Andrew J On Power s Doorstep Gays Jews and Liminal Complicity in Reproducing Masculine Domination Men and Masculinities 25 5 2022 743 764 doi 10 1177 1097184X221098365 Shorter Bani An Image Darkly Forming Women and Initiation London Routledge 1988 St John Graham Alternative Cultural Heterotopia and the Liminoid Body Beyond Turner at ConFest The Australian Journal of Anthropology 12 1 April 2001 47 66 doi 10 1111 j 1835 9310 2001 tb00062 x St John Graham ed 2008 Victor Turner and Contemporary Cultural Performance Arxivlesdirilib 2010 05 07 at the Wayback Machine New York Berghahn ISBN 1 84545 462 6 St John Graham Aliens Are Us Cosmic Liminality Remixticism and Alienation in Psytrance The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 25 2 June 2013 186 204 doi 10 3138 jrpc 25 2 186 St John Graham Victor Turner Oxford Bibliographies in Anthropology Oxford University Press OUP 2014 doi 10 1093 obo 9780199766567 0074 ISBN 978 0 19 976656 7 John Graham St Liminal Being Electronic Dance Music Cultures Ritualization and the Case of Psytrance The SAGE Handbook of Popular Music 1 Oliver s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications 2015 243 260 doi 10 4135 9781473910362 n14 ISBN 9781446210857 Szakolczai A 2000 Reflexive Historical Sociology London Routledge Turner Betwixt and Between The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage in The Forest of Symbols Ithaca NY Cornell University Press 1967 Turner Victor Witter The Ritual Process Structure and Anti structure Chicago Aldine Pub 1969 Turner Victor Witter Dramas Fields and Metaphors Symbolic Action in Human Society Ithaca Cornell UP 1974 Turner Victor Liminal to liminoid in play flow and ritual An essay in comparative symbology Rice University Studies 1974 Turner Victor W and Edith Turner Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture Anthropological Perspectives New York Columbia UP 1978 Waskul Dennis D Net seXXX Readings on Sex Pornography and the Internet New York P Lang 2004 Wels Harry van der Waal Kees Spiegel Andrew Kamsteeg Frans Victor Turner and liminality An introduction Anthropology Southern Africa 34 1 2 2011 1 4 doi 10 1080 23323256 2011 11500002 Young Eisendrath Polly and Terence Dawson The Cambridge Companion to Jung Cambridge Cambridgeshire Cambridge UP 1997 Viktor Terner Simvol i ritual M Nauka 1983 Arnold van Gennep Obryady perehoda M Izd firma Vostochnaya literatura RAN 1999