Bənövşə (bitki)

Bu adın digər istifadə formaları üçün bax: Bənövşə.

Bənövşə (lat. Viola) — bənövşəkimilər fəsiləsinə aid bitki cinsi.

?Bənövşə
Viola
Üçrəng bənövşə (Viola tricolor)
Elmi təsnifat
Aləmi: Bitkilər Şöbə: Örtülütoxumlular Sinif: İkiləpəlilər Yarımsinif: Dillenid Sıra: Əməköməciçiçəklilər Fəsilə: Bənövşəkimilər Cins: Bənövşə
Elmi adı
Viola L. (1753)
Vikinövlərdə sistematika Şəkil axtarışı ITIS   22030 NCBI   13757 GRIN   12719 IPNI   41602-1

Şimal yarımkürəsində dağlarda və mülayim iqlim zonalarında bitən 500-ə (bəzi mənbələrə görə isə 700-ə) yaxın bioloji növü məlumdur.

Yayılması

Bu cinsin növünə görə ən çox yayıldığı yer mülayim iqlim zonalarından Şimali Amerika, And dağları və Yaponiyadır.

Bir çox növü Cənubi Amerikada olan And dağları üçün xarakterikdir. Bir neçə növü Braziliyanın subtropik zonalarında, Cənubi Afrikada, Avstraliyada, Yeni Zelandiyada, Cənubi Sandviç adalarında yayılıb.

Növləri

 

Violet toporas

• Çəmənlik bənövşəsi (Viola arvensis Murr.)
• Ətirli bənövşə (Viola odorata L.)
• Üçrəng bənövşə (Viola tricolor L.)

• Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv.
• Viola acanthophylla Leybold ex Reiche
• Viola accrescens Klokov
• Viola acuminata Ledeb.
  • Viola acuminata var. acuminata
• Viola acutifolia (Kar. & Kir.) W. Becker
• Viola adunca Sm.
  • Viola adunca var. cascadensis (M.S. Baker) C.L. Hitchc.
  • Viola adunca f. masonii (Farw.) B. Boivin
  • Viola adunca var. minor (Hook.) Fernald
  • Viola adunca var. uncinulata (Greene) C.L. Hitchc.
• Viola aizoon Reiche
• Viola alaica Vved.
• Viola albida Palib.
  • Viola albida var. albida
  • Viola albida var. takahashii (Nakai) Nakai
• Viola allochroa Botsch.
• Viola altaica Ker Gawl.
• Viola angustifolia Phil.
• Viola araucaniae Becker
• Viola arborescens L.
• Viola arcuata Blume
• Viola arguta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
• Viola arguta x dombeyana
• Viola arvensis Murray
  • Viola arvensis subsp. arvensis
• Viola atropurpurea Leyb.
• Viola aurantiaca Leybold
• Viola aurata Phil.
• Viola aurea Kellogg
• Viola auricula Leyb.
• Viola bangii Rusby
• Viola barroetana W. Schaffn.
• Viola beckwithii Torr. & A. Gray
• Viola belophylla H. Boissieu
• Viola × bernardii (Greene) 91+(pro sp.)+
• Viola betonicifolia Sm.
• Viola bicolor Pursh
• Viola biflora L.
  • Viola biflora var. biflora
  • Viola biflora subsp. carlottae Calder & Roy L.Taylor
  • Viola biflora var. rockiana (W. Becker) Y.S. Chen
  • Viola biflora var. sitchensis (Bong. ex Ledeb.) Regel
• Viola boliviana Britton
• Viola brachyceras Turcz.
• Viola brachypetala Gay
• Viola bridgesii Britton
• Viola buchtienii Gand.
• Viola bulbosa Maxim.
• Viola bustillosia Gay
• Viola calderensis Becker
• Viola cameleo H. Boissieu
• Viola canadensis L.
  • Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchc.
  • Viola canadensis subsp. scopulorum (A. Gray) House
• Viola canescens Wall.
• Viola cerasifolia Saint-Hilaire
• Viola chaerophylloides (Regel) W. Becker
  • Viola chaerophylloides var. chaerophylloides
  • Viola chaerophylloides var. sieboldiana (Maxim.) Makino
• Viola chamaedrys Leybold
• Viola changii J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing
• Viola charlestonensis M.S. Baker & J.C. Clausen
• Viola cochranei Ballard
• Viola collina Besser
  • Viola collina var. collina
• Viola columnaris Skottsb.
• Viola commersonii DC.
• Viola confertifolia Chang
• Viola conspersa Rchb.
• Viola corralensis Phil.
• Viola cotyledon Ging.
• Viola cuatrecasasii L.B. Sm. & A. Fernández
• Viola cucullata Aiton
  • Viola cucullata var. leptosepala (Greene) W. Stone
  • Viola cucullata var. macrotis (Greene) W. Stone
  • Viola cucullata f. prionosepala (Greene) Brainerd
• Viola cuicochensis Hieron.
• Viola curicoensis Becker
• Viola cuspidifolia W. Becker
• Viola cyathiformis Becker,W.
• Viola dactyloides Schult.
• Viola davidii Franch.
• Viola decipiens Reiche
• Viola delavayi Franch.
• Viola diamantiaca Nakai
• Viola dimorphophylla Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola disjuncta W.Becker
• Viola dissecta Ledeb.
  • Viola dissecta var. dissecta
• Viola dombeyana DC.
• Viola domeykoana Gay
• Viola duclouxii W. Becker
• Viola ecuadorensis W. Becker
• Viola emarginata (Nutt.) Leconte
• Viola eminii (Engl.) R.E. Fr.
• Viola epipsiloides Á.Löve & D.Löve
• Viola escarapela J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores
• Viola evae Hieron.
• Viola fargesii H. Boissieu
• Viola faurieana W. Becker
• Viola fedtschenkoana W. Becker
• Viola flagelliformis Hemsl.
• Viola flavicans Wedd.
• Viola formosana Hayata
  • Viola formosana var. formosana
  • Viola formosana var. kawakamii (Hayata) Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola forrestiana W. Becker
• Viola friderici Becker
• Viola frigida Phil.
• Viola fuscifolia W. Becker
• Viola galeanaensis M.S. Baker
• Viola germainii Sparre
• Viola glaberrima (Ging.) House
• Viola glacialis Poepp. & Endl.
• Viola glandularis H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.
• Viola glechomoides Leyb.
• Viola gmeliniana Roem. & Schult.
• Viola godoyae Phil.
• Viola gracillima Saint-Hilaire
• Viola grahamii Benth.
• Viola grandisepala W. Becker
• Viola granulosa Wedd.
• Viola grypoceras A. Gray
• Viola guatemalensis W. Becker
• Viola hamiltoniana D. Don
• Viola hancockii W. Becker
• Viola hederacea Labill.
• Viola hediniana W. Becker
• Viola hemsleyana Calderón
• Viola henryi H. Boissieu
• Viola hillii W. Becker
• Viola hirtipes S. Moore
• Viola hondoensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
• Viola hookeriana Kunth
• Viola howellii A.Gray
• Viola huesoensis Martic.
• Viola huidobrii Gay
• Viola humilis Kunth
• Viola hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.
• Viola incisa Turcz.
• Viola incognita Brainerd
• Viola inconspicua Blume
• Viola ircutiana Turcz.
• Viola jalapaensis W. Becker
• Viola japonica Langsd. ex DC.
• Viola joergensenii W. Becker
• Viola johnstonii Becker
• Viola jordanii Hanry
  • Viola jordanii var. falconeri (Hook. f. & Thomson) W. Becker
• Viola kermesina W. Becker
• Viola kitaibeliana Schult.
• Viola kosanensis Hayata
• Viola kunawurensis Royle
• Viola kusanoana Makino
• Viola kwangtungensis Melch.
• Viola labradorica Schrank
• Viola lactiflora Nakai
• Viola lanceolata L.
  • Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata (Greene) N. Russell
• Viola langsdorffii Fisch. ex Ging.
• Viola lanifera Becker
• Viola lavrenkoana Klokov
• Viola lehmannii W. Becker
• Viola leyboldiana Phil.
• Viola llullaillacoensis W. Becker
• Viola lucens W. Becker
• Viola macloskeyi F.E. Lloyd
  • Viola macloskeyi var. macloskeyi
• Viola macroceras Bunge
• Viola maculata Cav.
  • Viola maculata var. microphyllos (Poir.) DC. ex Ging.
• Viola magellanica Poir.
• Viola magnifica Ching J. Wang ex X.D. Wang
• Viola mandshurica W. Becker
• Viola matutina Klokov
• Viola mauritii Tepl.
• Viola membranacea W. Becker
• Viola micranthella Wedd.
• Viola milanae Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola minutiflora Phil.
• Viola mirabilis L.
• Viola mongolica Franch.
• Viola montana L.
• Viola moupinensis Franch.
• Viola mucronulifera Hand.-Mazz.
• Viola muehldorfii Kiss
• Viola muliensis Y.S. Chen & Q.E.Yang
• Viola munbyana Boiss. & Reut.
• Viola nagasawae Makino & Hayata
  • Viola nagasawae var. nagasawae
• Viola nanlingensis J.S. Zhou & F.W.Xing
• Viola nannei Pol.
• Viola nassauvioides Phil.
• Viola nemoralis Kütz.
  • Viola nemoralis var. abbreviata Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola nephrophylla Greene
• Viola nobilis W. Becker
• Viola nubigena Leyb.
• Viola nuda W. Becker
• Viola obtusa (Makino) Makino
• Viola occulta Lehm.
• Viola odorata L.
• Viola orientalis W.Becker
• Viola ovalleana Phil.
• Viola oxyodontis Ballard
• Viola painteri Rose & House
• Viola pallascaensis W. Becker
• Viola palmata L.
  • Viola palmata var. asarifolia (Pursh) House
  • Viola palmata var. variabilis (Greene) W. Stone
  • Viola palmata var. villosa (Walter) B.L. Rob.
• Viola palustris L.
• Viola patrinii Ging.
  • Viola patrinii var. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) Makino
• Viola pekinensis (Regel) W. Becker
• Viola pendulicarpa W. Becker
• Viola perpusilla H. Boissieu
• Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.
• Viola philippica Cav.
  • Viola philippica var. philippica
  • Viola philippica var. pseudojaponica (Nakai) Y.S. Chen
• Viola pilosa Blume
• Viola polycephala H.E. Ballard & P. Jørg.
• Viola polypoda Turcz.
• Viola portulacea Leyb.
• Viola praemorsa Douglas
  • Viola praemorsa var. altior Blank.
  • Viola praemorsa var. bakeri (Greene) J.T. Howell
  • Viola praemorsa subsp. flavovirens (Pollard) Fabijan
  • Viola praemorsa var. praemorsa
• Viola primulifolia L.
  • Viola primulifolia var. acuta (Bigelow) Torr. & A. Gray
  • Viola primulifolia var. cordata (Walter) DC.
  • Viola primulifolia subsp. occidentalis (A. Gray) L.E. McKinney & R.J. Little
  • Viola primulifolia subsp. villosa (Eaton) N. Russell
• Viola prionantha Bunge
• Viola pulvinata Reiche
• Viola pusilla Poepp.
• Viola pusillima Wedd.
• Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.
• Viola raddeana Regel
• Viola reichei Skottsb. ex Macloskie
• Viola reichenbachiana Jord. ex Boreau
• Viola replicata W. Becker
• Viola rhombifolia Leybold
• Viola riviniana Rchb.
• Viola roigii Rossow
• Viola rossii Hemsl.
• Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.
• Viola rubella Cav.
• Viola rudolphii Sparre
• Viola rugosa Phil. ex W. Becker
• Viola rupestris F.W.Schmidt
  • Viola rupestris var. glaberrima Murb.
  • Viola rupestris subsp. rupestris
• Viola saccata Melch.
• Viola sacchalinensis H.Boissieu
  • Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola P.Y. Fu & Y.C. Teng
  • Viola sacchalinensis var. sacchalinensis
• Viola santiagoensis Becker,W.
• Viola savatieri Makino
• Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.
• Viola scotophylla Jord.
• Viola seleriana W. Becker
• Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
• Viola sempervivum Gay
• Viola senzanensis Hayata
• Viola septentrionalis Greene
• Viola serrula W. Becker
• Viola sikkimensis W. Becker
• Viola skottsbergiana Becker
• Viola sororia Willd.
  • Viola sororia subsp. affinis (Leconte) R.J. Little
  • Viola sororia var. missouriensis (Greene) L.E. McKinney
  • Viola sororia var. novae-angliae (House) L.E. McKinney
  • Viola sororia var. sororia
• Viola sphaerocarpa W. Becker
• Viola steinbachii W. Becker
• Viola stewardiana W. Becker
• Viola stipularis Sw.
• Viola striatella H. Boissieu
• Viola suavis M.Bieb.
• Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene
• Viola sumatrana Miq.
• Viola szetschwanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
• Viola tenuicornis W. Becker
  • Viola tenuicornis subsp. tenuicornis
  • Viola tenuicornis subsp. trichosepala W. Becker
• Viola tenuissima Chang
• Viola thomsonii Oudem.
• Viola thymifolia Britton
• Viola tienschiensis W. Becker
• Viola × tigirekica Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola toroensis Martic.
• Viola triangulifolia W. Becker
• Viola trichopetala C.C. Chang
• Viola tricolor L.
  • Viola tricolor f. tenella (Muhl.) Farw.
• Viola tridentata Menz. ex DC.
• Viola trinervata (Howell) Howell ex A. Gray
• Viola × tuvinica Vl.V.Nikitin
• Viola umbraticola Kunth
• Viola uniflora L.
• Viola urophylla Franch.
  • Viola urophylla var. urophylla
• Viola vallenarensis Becker
• Viola vallicola A. Nelson
• Viola variegata Fisch. ex Link
• Viola veronicifolia Planch. & Linden
• Viola viarum Pollard
• Viola violacea Makino
• Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
  • Viola volcanica var. volcanica
• Viola wallichiana Ging.
• Viola weberbaueri W. Becker
• Viola websteri Hemsl.
• Viola weibelii J.F. Macbr.
• Viola yezoensis Maxim.
• Viola yunnanensis W. Becker & H. Boissieu
• Viola yunnanfuensis W. Becker

İstinadlar

1. Nurəddin Əliyev. Azərbaycanın dərman bitkiləri və fitoterapiya. Bakı, Elm, 1998.
2. Elşad Qurbanov. Ali bitkilərin sistematikası, Bakı, 2009.

Bənövşə (bitki):The Plant List saytında takson barədə məlumat. (ing.)

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