Vikipediya azad ensiklopediya Suğur səhifəsindən istiqamətləndirilmişdir əvasim nbsp Vikianbarda əlaqəli mediafayllar əv

Vikipediya azad ensiklopediya Sugur sehifesinden istiqametlendirilmisdir Evasim nbsp Vikianbarda elaqeli mediafayllar Evasim ereb العواصم herf mudafieler istehkamlar tekde Asime ا ل ـع ـاص ـم ـة herf mudafieci Kilikiya Suriyanin simali ve Yuxari Mesopotamiyada Bizans imperiyasi ile Emevi ve Abbasi xilafetleri arasindaki serhed zonasinin muselman terefine istinad etmek ucun istifade olunan erebce termin 1 Bu VIII esrin evvellerinde muselman fethlerinin ilk dalgasi azaldiqdan sonra qurulmus ve Bizans irelileyisleri terefinden ezilen X esrin ortalarina qeder davam etmisdir Bu sugur ا لـث ـغ ـو ر tekde seqr ا لـث ـغ ـر herf yariq acilis kimi taninan mohkemlendirilmis istehkamlar zencirinden yaranmis ireli markalardan hemcinin esas evasim olaraq bilinen serhed zonasinin arxa ve ya daxili sahelerinden ibaret idi Sugur termini Endelus ve Maveraunnehr yuruslerinde de istifade edilmisdir Bu XIV esrde Misir Memlukleri terefinden yeniden canlandirilmaq ucun Ferat regionunda berpa edilmisdir 2 Hemcinin bax redakte vikimetni redakte et Qazi islam Menbe redakte vikimetni redakte et Istinadlar redakte vikimetni redakte et Streck 1987 p 515 Honigmann 1987 p 739 Edebiyyat redakte vikimetni redakte et Honigmann Ernst 1935 Byzance et les Arabes Tome III Die Ostgrenze des Byzantinischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071 nach griechischen arabischen syrischen und armenischen Quellen Corpus Bruxellense Historiae Byzantinae in German Brussels Editions de l Institut de philologie et d histoire orientales OCLC 6934222 Streck Maximilian AL ʿAWAṢIM Houtsma Martijn Theodoor redaktor E J Brill s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 Volume I A Baba Beg Leiden BRILL 1987 1927 515 516 ISBN nbsp 90 04 08265 4 Elave edebiyyat redakte vikimetni redakte et Bonner Michael The naming of the frontier Awaṣim Thughur and the Arab geographers Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Cambridge University Press 57 1994 17 24 doi 10 1017 S0041977X0002807X Bonner Michael Aristocratic Violence and Holy War Studies in the Jihad and the Arab Byzantine Frontier New Haven Connecticut American Oriental Society 1996 ISBN nbsp 0 940490 11 0 Haldon John F Kennedy Hugh The Arab Byzantine Frontier in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries Military Organization and Society in the Borderlands Recueil des Travaux de l Institut d Etudes Byzantines Belgrade 19 1980 79 116 ISBN nbsp 9780754659099 Miotto Marco Aaoyasim kai 8oygoyr To stratiwtiko synoro toy Xalifatoy sthn Anatolikh Mikra Asia PDF Vyzantiaka yunan 32 2015 133 156 ISSN nbsp 1012 0513 Nicolle David Adam Hook Saracen Strongholds AD 630 1050 The Middle East and Central Asia Osprey Publishing 17 iyun 2008 ISBN nbsp 978 1 84603 115 1 Von Sivers Peter Taxes and Trade in the Abbasid Thughur 750 962 133 351 Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 25 1 1982 71 99 doi 10 1163 156852082X00085 Canard M 1960 al ʿAwaṣim In Gibb H A R Kramers J H Levi Provencal E Schacht J Lewis B amp Pellat Ch eds The Encyclopaedia of Islam Second Edition Volume I A B Leiden E J Brill pp 761 762 OCLC 495469456 El Cheikh Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies 2004 ISBN nbsp 0 932885 30 6 Har El Shai Struggle for Domination in the Middle East The Ottoman Mamluk War 1485 91 BRILL 1995 ISBN nbsp 978 90 04 10180 7 Honigmann E AL THUGHuR Houtsma Martijn Theodoor redaktor E J Brill s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 Volume VIII Ṭa if Zurkhana Leiden BRILL 1987 1927 738 739 ISBN nbsp 90 04 08265 4 Kaegi Walter Emil Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1995 ISBN nbsp 978 0 521 48455 8 Kacan Aleksandr redaktorThe Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium Oxford and New York Oxford University Press 1991 ISBN nbsp 0 19 504652 8 Kennedy Hugh 2001 The Armies of the Caliphs Military and Society in the Early Islamic State London and New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 25093 5 Toynbee Arnold Constantine Porphyrogenitus and His World Oxford University Press 1973 ISBN nbsp 0 19 215253 X Whittow Mark 1996 The Making of Byzantium 600 1025 Berkeley and Los Angeles California University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 20496 6 Wheatley Paul The Places Where Men Pray Together Cities in Islamic Lands Seventh Through the Tenth Centuries University of Chicago Press 2000 ISBN nbsp 978 0 226 89428 7 Whittow Mark 1996 The Making of Byzantium 600 1025 Berkeley and Los Angeles California University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 20496 6 Menbe https az wikipedia org w index php title Evasim amp oldid 7487672 Kateqoriyalar Ereb dilinde sozler ve ifadelerAbbasiler xilafetinin herb tarixiTurkiye tarixiSuriya Abbasiler xilafetinin terkibindeGizli kateqoriya Articles using infobox templates with no data rows