Wikipedia
Əməliyyat sistemlərinin xronologiyası
Bu məqalə 1955-ci ildən bu günümüzədək əməliyyat sistemlərinin yaranması və inkişafı haqqındadır.
1950-ci illər
1960-cı illər
- 1960-cı il
- IBSYS (IBM 7090 и IBM 7094)
- 1961-ci il
- CTSS (Compatible TimeShare System)
- Burroughs MCP (Burroughs Master Control Program)
- 1962-ci il
- GCOS (General Comprehensive Operating System)
- 1963-cü il
- AN/FSQ-32
- 1964-cü il
- Dartmouth Time Sharing System
- EXEC 8
- OS/360 (elan edilib)
- TOPS-10
- SCOPE (CDC 3000)
- 1965-ci il
- Multics (elan edilib)
- BOS/360 (Basic Operating System)
- TSOS/VMOS
- OS/360 (təqdim olunub)
- Tape Operating System (TOS)
- 1966-cı il
- DOS/360 (IBM)
- MS/8
- 1967-ci il
- ACP (IBM)
- CP/CMS
- ITS
- WAITS
- 1968-ci il
- Диспетчер-68
- TSS-8
- 1969-cu il
- TENEX
- Unix
1970-ci illər
- 1970-ci il
- DOS/BATCH 11 (PDP-11)
- RT-11 (PDP-11)
- 1971-ci il
- OS/8
- 1972-ci il
- RDOS
- VM
- 1973-cü il
- Alto OS
- RSX-11D
- VME
- 1974-cü il
- MVS
- 1976-cı il
- CP/M
- TOPS-20
- 1978-ci il
- Apple DOS 3.1 (əvvəllər Apple OS)
- TripOS
- VMS
- Lisp Machine (CADR)
- UCSD P-System
- 1979-cu il
- Apple DOS 3.2
- POS
1980-ci illər
- 1980-ci il
- Apple DOS 3.3
- OS-9
- QDOS
- SOS
- XDE (Tajo) (Xerox Development Environment)
- Xenix
- 1981-ci il
- 1982-ci il
- SunOS (1.0)
- Ultrix
- 1983-cü il
- Lisa OS
- Coherent
- ProDOS
- 1984-ci il
- Macintosh OS (System 1.0)
- QNX
- UniCOS
- Venix 2.0
- TR-DOS
- 1985-ci il
- AmigaOS
- Atari TOS
- MIPS OS
- Microsoft Windows 1.0
- 1986-cı il
- Plan 9
- AIX
- GS/OS
- HP-UX
- 1987-ci il
- Arthur
- IRIX (3.0 bu ilk SGI versiyasıdır)
- Minix
- OS/2 1.0 (tamekranlı tekst rejimi, coxəməliyyatlılıq)
- Microsoft Windows 2.0
- 1988-ci il
- DR-DOS (Digital Research)
- A/UX (Apple Computer)
- LynxOS
- MVS/ESA
- OS/400
- NT OS/2 (hazırlama başlanmışdır; hələ hazırlıq mərhələsində ƏS-i Windows NT çevrilmişdir)
- 1989-cu il
- NeXTSTEP (1.0)
- RISC OS
- SCO UNIX (release 3)
- OS/2 1.1 (PMShell -in pəncərə örtüsü)
1990-cı illər
- 1990-cı il
- AmigaOS 2.0
- BeOS (v1)
- OSF/1
- GNU/Hurd
- Windows 3.0
- 1991-ci il
- Linux (ядро) и GNU/Linux
- OS/2 v2.10 (iş stolunun qrafik pəncərə örtüsü)
- 1992-ci il
- AmigaOS 2.1
- AmigaOS 3.0
- Solaris ('həmçinin' SunOS 2.0 adı ilə tanınır)
- Windows 3.1
- 1993-cü
- FreeBSD
- Slackware 1.0
- NetBSD
- Windows NT 3.1 ('ilk dəfə rəsmi olaraq NT adlandırılıb')
- 1994-cü il
- AmigaOS 3.1
- OS/2 Warp 3.x (şəbəkə protokolu, İnternet-brauzer)
- 1995-ci il
- Debian 0.93R6
- Digital UNIX (həmçinin Tru64 adı ilə tanınır)
- OpenBSD
- OS/390
- Windows 95
- 1996-cı il
- Debian 1.1 (Buzz)
- Debian 1.2 (Rex)
- Windows NT 4.0
- 1997-ci il
- 1998-ci il
- Debian 2.0 (Hamm)
- ReactOS
- Windows 98
- 1999-cu il
- AmigaOS 3.5
- AROS
- Debian 2.1 (Slink)
- Mac OS 8
2000-ci illər
| İl-Ay | Windows | Apple | BSD | Linux | Digər |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000–? | z/OS | ||||
| 2000–? | z/VM | ||||
| 2000–01 | |||||
| 2000–02 | Windows 2000 | Solaris 8 | |||
| 2000–03 | FreeBSD 4.0 | Red Hat Linux 6.2E | AtheOS BeOS R5 | ||
| 2000–04 | |||||
| 2000–05 | |||||
| 2000–06 | OpenBSD 2.7 | Plan 9 Üçüncü redaktə | |||
| 2000–07 | |||||
| 2000–08 | Debian 2.2 | MorphOS 0.1 | |||
| 2000–09 | Windows Millennium Edition | SUSE Linux 7.0 | |||
| 2000–10 | z/OS MorphOS 0.2 | ||||
| 2000–11 | |||||
| 2000–12 | NetBSD 1.5 OpenBSD 2.8 | AmigaOS 3.9 HP-UX 11i | |||
| 2001–01 | |||||
| 2001–02 | MorphOS 0.4 | ||||
| 2001–03 | Mac OS X Cheetah (v10.0) | ||||
| 2001–04 | |||||
| 2001–05 | AIX 5L 5.1 | ||||
| 2001–06 | OpenBSD 2.9 | ||||
| 2001–07 | eComStation 1.0 | ||||
| 2001–08 | Haiku | ||||
| 2001–09 | Mac OS X Puma (v10.1) | ||||
| 2001–10 | Windows XP Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2002 | Novell NetWare 6.0 | |||
| 2001–11 | |||||
| 2001–12 | OpenBSD 3.0 | OS/2 4.52 | |||
| 2002–01 | JX microkernel for Java Sanos microkernel for net appliances K42 microkernel for NUMA machines | ||||
| 2002–02 | |||||
| 2002–03 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 AS | ||||
| 2002–04 | SUSE Linux 8.0 | Plan 9 Dördüncü redaktə | |||
| 2002–05 | OpenBSD 3.1 | Solaris 9 (SPARC) | |||
| 2002–06 | |||||
| 2002–07 | Debian 3.0 | Syllable 0.4.0 | |||
| 2002–08 | Mac OS X Jaguar (v10.2) | ||||
| 2002–09 | Windows XP Service Pack 1 | NetBSD 1.6 | |||
| 2002–10 | AIX 5.2 | ||||
| 2002–11 | OpenBSD 3.2 | MorphOS 1.0 | |||
| 2002–12 | MorphOS 1.1 | ||||
| 2003–01 | FreeBSD 5.0 | Solaris 9 (x86) JNode – JavaOS varisi | |||
| 2003–02 | MorphOS 1.2 ReactOS 0.1.0 | ||||
| 2003–03 | Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003 | MorphOS 1.3 | |||
| 2003–04 | Windows Server 2003 | ||||
| 2003–05 | OpenBSD 3.3 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 ES | |||
| 2003–06 | OpenVMS 8.0 | ||||
| 2003–07 | |||||
| 2003–08 | Novell NetWare 6.5 MorphOS 1.4 | ||||
| 2003–09 | HP-UX 11i v2 | ||||
| 2003–10 | Mac OS X Panther (v10.3) | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 SUSE Linux 9.0 | |||
| 2003–11 | OpenBSD 3.4 | Fedora Core 1 | |||
| 2003–12 | Linux 2.6.0 | ||||
| 2004–01 | Linux 2.6.1 | ReactOS 0.2.0 | |||
| 2004–02 | Linux 2.6.2, 2.6.3 | ||||
| 2004–03 | Linux 2.6.4 | ReactOS 0.2.1 | |||
| 2004–04 | Linux 2.6.5 | ReactOS 0.2.2 | |||
| 2004–05 | OpenBSD 3.5 | Linux 2.6.6 Fedora Core 2 | |||
| 2004–06 | ReactOS 0.2.3 | ||||
| 2004–07 | DragonFly BSD 1.0 | ||||
| 2004–08 | Windows XP Service Pack 2 | Linux 2.6.8 | AIX 5.3 | ||
| 2004–09 | ReactOS 0.2.4 | ||||
| 2004–10 | Linux 2.6.9 Ubuntu 4.10 | ||||
| 2004–11 | OpenBSD 3.6 | Fedora Core 3 | |||
| 2004–12 | NetBSD 2.0 | Linux 2.6.10 | |||
| 2005–01 | Solaris 10 ReactOS 0.2.5 | ||||
| 2005–02 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | OpenVMS 8.2 | |||
| 2005–03 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition | Linux 2.6.11 Novell Open Enterprise Server | |||
| 2005–04 | Mac OS X Tiger (v10.4) | DragonFly BSD 1.2 | Ubuntu 5.04 | ReactOS 0.2.6 | |
| 2005–05 | OpenBSD 3.7 | ||||
| 2005–06 | Linux 2.6.12 Fedora Core 4 Debian 3.1 | ||||
| 2005–07 | |||||
| 2005–08 | Linux 2.6.13 | ReactOS 0.2.7 | |||
| 2005–09 | |||||
| 2005–10 | Linux 2.6.14 Ubuntu 5.10 SUSE Linux 10.0 | ReactOS 0.2.8 | |||
| 2005–11 | FreeBSD 6.0 OpenBSD 3.8 | ||||
| 2005–12 | NetBSD 3.0 | ReactOS 0.2.9 | |||
| 2006–01 | DragonFly BSD 1.4 | Linux 2.6.15 | Solaris 10 1/06 | ||
| 2006–02 | |||||
| 2006–03 | Windows Server 2003 R2 | Linux 2.6.16 Fedora Core 5 | |||
| 2006–04 | |||||
| 2006–05 | OpenBSD 3.9 | SymbOS MINIX 3.1.2 | |||
| 2006–06 | Linux 2.6.17 Ubuntu 6.06 (LTS) | Solaris 10 6/06 | |||
| 2006–07 | DragonFly BSD 1.6 | ||||
| 2006–08 | BS2000/OSD v7.0 ReactOS 0.3.0 | ||||
| 2006–09 | Linux 2.6.18 | FreeDOS 1.0 OpenVMS8.3 | |||
| 2006–10 | Fedora Core 6 Ubuntu 6.10 Slackware 11.0 | ||||
| 2006–11 | Windows Vista | OpenBSD 4.0 | Linux 2.6.19 | AmigaOS 4.0 Solaris 10 11/06 | |
| 2006–12 | |||||
| 2007–01 | DragonFly BSD 1.8 | Bharat Operating System Solutions | |||
| 2007–02 | Linux 2.6.20 | Inferno Dürdüncü redaktə | |||
| 2007–03 | Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 | ReactOS 0.3.1 | ||
| 2007–04 | Linux 2.6.21 Ubuntu 7.04 Debian 4.0 | ||||
| 2007–05 | iPhone OS 1 | OpenBSD 4.1 | Fedora 7 | ||
| 2002–06 | |||||
| 2007–07 | Linux 2.6.22 Slackware 12.0 | ||||
| 2007–08 | DragonFly BSD 1.10 | Solaris 10 8/07 | |||
| 2007–09 | HP-UX 11i v3 ReactOS 0.3.3 | ||||
| 2007–10 | Mac OS X Leopard (v10.5) | Linux 2.6.23 Ubuntu 7.10 | OpenVMS 8.3-1H1 | ||
| 2007–11 | Windows Home Server | OpenBSD 4.2 | Fedora 8 gOS | AIX 6.1, | |
| 2007–12 | NetBSD 4.0 | ||||
| 2008–01 | Linux 2.6.24 | ReactOS 0.3.4 | |||
| 2008–02 | Windows Vista Service Pack 1 Windows Server 2008 | DragonFly BSD 1.12 FreeBSD 7.0 | |||
| 2008–03 | Singularity 1.1 | ||||
| 2008–04 | Windows XP Service Pack 3 | Linux 2.6.25 Ubuntu 8.04 (LTS) | |||
| 2008–05 | OpenBSD 4.3 | Fedora 9 Slackware 12.1 | Solaris 10 5/08 OpenSolaris 2008.05 BS2000/OSD v8.0A | ||
| 2008–06 | SUSE Linux 11.0 | MorphOS 2.0 ReactOS 0.3.5 | |||
| 2008–07 | iPhone OS 2 | DragonFly BSD 2.0 | Linux 2.6.26 | ||
| 2008–08 | STOP 6.5 ReactOS 0.3.6 | ||||
| 2008–09 | AmigaOS 4.1 z/OS V1R10 MorphOS 2.1 | ||||
| 2008–10 | Linux 2.6.27 Ubuntu 8.10 Android 1.0 | Solaris 10 10/08 | |||
| 2008–11 | OpenBSD 4.4 | Fedora 10 | Singularity 2.0 ReactOS 0.3.7 | ||
| 2008–12 | Linux 2.6.28 Slackware 12.2 | MorphOS 2.2 OpenSolaris 2008.11 | |||
| 2009–01 | |||||
| 2009–02 | DragonFly BSD 2.2 | Debian 5.0 Android 1.1 ReactOS 0.3.8 | |||
| 2009–03 | Linux 2.6.29 | ||||
| 2009–04 | NetBSD 5.0 | Ubuntu 9.04 Android 1.5 ReactOS 0.3.9 | |||
| 2009–05 | Windows Vista Service Pack 2 | OpenBSD 4.5 | Solaris 10 5/09 | ||
| 2009–06 | iPhone OS 3 | Linux 2.6.30 Fedora 11 Palm webOS 1 | AmigaOS 4.1 OpenSolaris 2009.06 | ||
| 2009–07 | ReactOS 0.3.10 | ||||
| 2009–08 | Mac OS X Snow Leopard (v10.6) | Slackware 13.0 | MorphOS 2.3 | ||
| 2009–09 | DragonFly BSD 2.4 | Linux 2.6.31 Android 1.6 | |||
| 2009–10 | Windows 7 Windows Server 2008 R2 | OpenBSD 4.6 | Ubuntu 9.10 Android 2.0 | Solaris 10 10/09 MorphOS 2.4 | |
| 2009–11 | FreeBSD 8.0 | Fedora 12 openSUSE 11.2 | |||
| 2009–12 | Linux 2.6.32 | ReactOS 0.3.11 |
2010-cu illər
| İl-Ay | Windows | Apple | BSD | Linux | Digər |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010–01 | Android 2.1 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1 | |||
| 2010–02 | Linux 2.6.33 | ||||
| 2010–03 | |||||
| 2010–04 | DragonFly BSD 2.6 | Ubuntu 10.04 (LTS) | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 2 | ||
| 2010–05 | OpenBSD 4.7 | Linux 2.6.34 Fedora 13 Android 2.2 | |||
| 2010–06 | iOS 4 | MorphOS 2.5 OpenVMS 8.4 | |||
| 2010–07 | openSUSE 11.3 | ||||
| 2010–08 | Linux 2.6.35 | ||||
| 2010–09 | Solaris 10 9/10 AIX 7.1 | ||||
| 2010–10 | Windows Phone 7 | DragonFly BSD 2.8 | Linux 2.6.36 Fedora 14 Ubuntu 10.10 | MorphOS 2.6 ReactOS 0.3.12 | |
| 2010–11 | NetBSD 5.1 OpenBSD 4.8 | Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | |||
| 2010–12 | Android 2.3 | MorphOS 2.7 | |||
| 2011–01 | Linux 2.6.37 | ||||
| 2011–02 | Windows 7 Service Pack 1 | Debian 6.0 Android 3.0 | |||
| 2011–03 | Linux 2.6.38 openSUSE 11.4 | ReactOS 0.3.13 | |||
| 2011–04 | DragonFly BSD 2.10 | Ubuntu 11.04 Slackware 13.37 | |||
| 2011–05 | OpenBSD 4.9 | Linux 2.6.39 Fedora 15 Android 3.1 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1 (for Classic) | ||
| 2011–06 | iOS 5 | Google Chrome OS (ilk alındıqda) | 9front | ||
| 2011–07 | Mac OS X Lion (v10.7) | Linux 3.0 Android 3.2 HP webOS 3 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 3 | ||
| 2011–08 | |||||
| 2011–09 | Windows Phone 7.5 | ||||
| 2011–10 | Linux 3.1 Ubuntu 11.10 Android 4.0 | ||||
| 2011–11 | OpenBSD 5.0 | Fedora 16 openSUSE 12.1 | BS2000/OSD 9.0 Solaris 11 11/11 | ||
| 2011–12 | AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 4 | ||||
| 2012–01 | FreeBSD 9.0 | Linux 3.2 | FreeDOS 1.1 | ||
| 2012–02 | DragonFly BSD 3.0 | ReactOS 0.3.14 Minix 3.2 | |||
| 2012–03 | Linux 3.3 Android 4.0.4 | ||||
| 2012–04 | Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS) | ||||
| 2012–05 | OpenBSD 5.1 | Linux 3.4 Fedora 17 | |||
| 2012–06 | MorphOS 3.0 | ||||
| 2012–07 | Mac OS X Mountain Lion (v10.8) | Linux 3.5 Android 4.1 openSUSE 12.2 | MorphOS 3.1 AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 5 | ||
| 2012–08 | |||||
| 2012–09 | Windows Server 2012 | iOS 6 | Linux 3.6 Slackware 14.0 | ||
| 2012–10 | Windows 8 Windows Phone 8 | NetBSD 6.0 OpenBSD 5.2 | Ubuntu 12.10 | Solaris 11.1 | |
| 2012–11 | DragonFly BSD 3.2 | Android 4.2 | Haiku R1 Alpha 4 | ||
| 2012–12 | FreeBSD 9.1 | ||||
| 2013-01 | Fedora 18 | BlackBerry 10 Solaris 10 1/13 | |||
| 2013-02 | Windows Phone 7.8 | ||||
| 2013-03 | openSUSE 12.3 | ||||
| 2013-04 | DragonFly BSD 3.4 | Linux 3.9 Ubuntu 13.04 | |||
| 2013-05 | NetBSD 6.1 OpenBSD 5.3 | Debian 7.0 | ReactOS 0.3.15 MorphOS 3.2 | ||
| 2013-06 | Linux 3.10 | ||||
| 2013-07 | Fedora 19 Android 4.3 | ||||
| 2013-08 | |||||
| 2013-09 | iOS 7 | FreeBSD 9.2 | Linux 3.11 | MorphOS 3.3 z/OS Version 2.1 | |
| 2013-10 | Windows 8.1 Windows Server 2012 R2 | OS X Mavericks (v10.9) | Ubuntu 13.10 | ||
| 2013-11 | DragonFly BSD 3.6 OpenBSD 5.4 | Fedora 19 Slackware 14.1 openSUSE 13.1 Android 4.4 Linux 3.12 | |||
| 2013-12 | Fedora 20 | MorphOS 3.4 | |||
| 2014-01 | FreeBSD 10.0 | Linux 3.13 | |||
| 2014-02 | ReactOS 0.3.16 MorphOS 3.5 | ||||
| 2014-03 | Linux 3.14 | ||||
| 2014-04 | Windows Phone 8.1 | Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS) | Solaris 11.2 | ||
| 2014-05 | OpenBSD 5.5 | ||||
| 2014-06 | DragonFly BSD 3.8 | Linux 3.15 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 | MorphOS 3.6 | ||
| 2014-07 | |||||
| 2014-08 | Linux 3.16 | MorphOS 3.7 | |||
| 2014-09 | iOS 8 | Minix 3.3 | |||
| 2014-10 | OS X Yosemite (v10.10) | Ubuntu 14.10 Linux 3.17 | |||
| 2014-11 | OpenBSD 5.6 FreeBSD 10.1 DragonFly BSD 4.0 | openSUSE 13.2 Android 5.0 | ReactOS 0.3.17 | ||
| 2014-12 | Linux 3.18 | ||||
| 2015-01 | |||||
| 2015-02 | Linux 3.19 | ||||
| 2015-03 | |||||
| 2015-04 | watchOS 1 | Linux 4.0 Debian 8.0 Ubuntu 15.04 | |||
| 2015-05 | |||||
| 2015-06 | Linux 4.1 | MorphOS 3.9 | |||
| 2015-07 | Windows 10 | ||||
| 2015-08 | FreeBSD 10.2 | Linux 4.2 | |||
| 2015-09 | OS X El Capitan (v10.11) iOS 9 watchOS 2 | z/OS Version 2.2 | |||
| 2015-10 | Android 6.0 Ubuntu 15.10 | AIX 7.2 Solaris 11.3 | |||
| 2015-11 | Windows 10 Mobile | Linux 4.3 | |||
| 2015-12 | |||||
| 2016-01 | Linux 4.4 | ||||
| 2016-02 | ReactOS 0.4 | ||||
| 2016-03 | OpenBSD 5.9 FreeBSD 10.3 | Linux 4.5 | |||
| 2016-04 | Ubuntu 16.04 | ReactOS 0.4.1 | |||
| 2016-05 | Linux 4.6 | ||||
| 2016-06 | Slackware 14.2 Fedora 24 | ||||
| 2016-07 | |||||
| 2016-08 | Windows 10 Anniversary Update Windows 10 Mobile Anniversary Update | DragonFly BSD 4.6 | Android 7.0 Linux 4.7 | ReactOS 0.4.2 | |
| 2016-09 | macOS Sierra (v10.12) iOS 10 watchOS 3 | ||||
| 2016-10 | |||||
| 2016-11 | Oracle Linux 7.3 |
Həmçinin bax
- Əməliyyat sistemlərinin siyahısı
- Linux distrubutivlərinin siyahısı
İstinadlar
- . 2015-04-10 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2016-12-13.
- "Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing", Microsoft News Center, 1999-12-15, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- , Bell Labs, 2008-02-13 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- Balaban, Alexandre, Test de MorphOS 0.1 (French), 2000, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)", Microsoft News Center, 2000-09-14, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "AmigaOS 3.9 release", Amiga History (UK), 2000-12-04, İstifadə tarixi: 2012-07-22
- Schmidt, Ralph, New MorphOS 0.4 Release, 2001-02-15, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- Project History, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "Windows XP to Take the PC to New Heights", Microsoft News Center, 2001-08-24, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "Microsoft Unveils Plans for 64-Bit Windows Platform".
- "Plan 9 From Bell Labs Fourth Release Notes", Bell Labs, April 2002, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- // Frequently Asked Questions, 2011-01-07 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "Jaguar "Unleashed" at 10:20 p.m. Tonight", Apple Inc., 2002-08-23, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- (PDF). 2012-09-15 tarixində orijinalından (PDF) arxivləşdirilib. İstifadə tarixi: 2016-12-13.
- "Windows XP 64-bit Edition for Itanium systems, Version 2003 Press release", Microsoft News Center, 2003-03-28, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- Kernel.org archive, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- , August 2006, 2011-09-05 tarixində orijinalından arxivləşdirilib, İstifadə tarixi: 2011-11-19
- "IBM z/OS Version 2 Release 2 Announcement Letter". 28 July 2015. İstifadə tarixi: 2015-08-23.
- http://www-01.ibm.com/common/ssi/cgi-bin/ssialias?infotype=AN&subtype=CA&htmlfid=897/ENUS215-393&appname=USN
- https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E53394_01/html/E54847/index.html
Xarici keçidlər
- http://www.levenez.com/unix/ – a timeline of UNIX 1969 and its descendants at present
- Concise Microsoft O.S. Timeline – a color-coded concise timeline for various Microsoft operating systems (1981–present)
- Bitsavers – an effort to capture, salvage, and archive historical computer software and manuals from minicomputers and mainframes of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s
- A brief history of operating systems
- Microsoft operating system time-line