Fayl Faylin tarixcesi Faylin istifadesi Faylin qlobal istifadesi MetamelumatlarSinaq gosterisi olcusu 800 600 piksel Diger olculer 320 240 piksel 640 480 piksel 1 024 768 piksel Faylin orijinali 1 024 768 piksel fayl hecmi 270 KB MIME novu image jpeg Bu fayl Vikianbarda yerlesir Aciqlama sehifesindeki melumatlar asagida gosterilib Vikianbar azad lisenziyali media anbaridir Siz de tohfe vere bilersiniz Xulase IzahShayzar4 jpg Qa alat Shaizar Syria was a medieval town and fortress in Syria ruled by the Banu Munqidh dynasty which played an important part in the Christian and Muslim politics of the crusades Located on the Orontes to the northwest of Hama Shaizar was an ancient town known as Senzar or Sezar in the Amarna letters To the Greeks it was known as Sidzara but the Seleucid dynasty renamed it Larissa after the town of the same name in Thessaly from which many colonists came It reverted to its earlier name under the Roman Empire and was known as Sezer under the Byzantine Empire Shaizar fell to the Arabs in 638 and frequently passed from Arab to Byzantine control It was sacked in 969 by Byzantine emperor Nicephorus II and was captured by Basil II in 999 after which it became the southern border of the Byzantine Empire and was administered by the Bishop of Shaizar It was lost to the Banu Munqidh in 1081 when Ali ibn Munqidh bought it from the bishop The Byzantines besieged it numerous times after this but failed to recover it The Crusaders on their arrival in this area rendered the city s name in Latin as Caesarea This name had not been used in any earlier period and was derived from the Crusaders mistakenly identifying this city as being Caesarea Mazaca a place renowned in Christian history as the home of Saint Basil of Caesarea It is no longer inhabited today but the ruins are known as Saijar in modern Arabic Munqidhite Shaizar The Munqidhites controlled territory east of Shaizar across the al Ansariyah mountains to the Mediterranean coast from the coastal cities of Latakia in the north to Tortosa in the south During the First Crusade the emir assisted the crusaders passing through his land giving them horses and food and other provisions After the crusade it was bordered by the crusader Principality of Antioch and was subject to raids from both Antioch and the County of Tripoli in 1106 the emirs Murshid and Sultan defeated William Jordan of Tripoli and in 1108 and 1110 they had to bribe Tancred of Antioch to leave In 1111 Tancred Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Bertrand of Tripoli besieged Shaizar for two weeks but returned home when the army of Mawdud of Mosul cut off their access to food and water Tancred nevertheless built a castle nearby Tell ibn Ma shar in order to keep Shaizar under close watch When Ridwan of Aleppo died in 1113 Shaizar was attacked by his Hashshashin supporters Shaizar participated in Ilghazi s campaign against Antioch in 1119 When Baldwin II of Jerusalem was taken captive by the Ortoqids outside Edessa in 1123 he was held at Shaizar until his release the next year as part of his ransom he was forced to give up his daughter Ioveta as a hostage who was also held at Shaizar until her own ransom in 1125 As Shaizar was a friendly state Baldwin was allowed to visit his daughter there but Shaizar was also friendly to its Muslim neighbours and in 1125 was incorporated into the territory of Bursuq of Mosul When Zengi succeeded in Mosul in 1127 and claimed Aleppo as well Shaizar recognized his suzerainty In 1137 Byzantine emperor John II Comnenus arrived to impose Byzantine authority on Antioch and promised Raymond of Antioch a principality consisting of Shaizar Aleppo Homs and Hama if Antioch was returned to the Empire In April the Byzantine army besieged Shaizar but Raymond and Joscelin II of Edessa did not assist the emperor and Zengi soon arrived to relieve the fortress in May The emir preferred Byzantine control to Zengid and offered to recognize John as his overlord Neither John or Zengi ever really enforced their authority there and Shaizar remained independent The emirate lasted until the enormous earthquake of 1157 during which the citadel collapsed killing almost the entire family who had assembled there to celebrate a circumcision The only survivors out of the whole family were the wife of emir and the emir s nephew Usamah who was on a diplomatic mission to Damascus The Hashshashin then took control of the ruins and they were defeated by the crusaders in 1158 but disputes forced the crusaders to abandon the siege Nur ad Din Zangi then incorporated the remains into his territory and rebuilt the city Shaizar was destroyed again by an earthquake in 1170 and the remnants were taken by Saladin in 1174 They were rebuilt again but in 1241 the city was sacked by the Khwarezmians The Mameluk sultan Baibars captured and rebuilt it in 1260 Description of the city Referring to the crusader siege of Shaizar in 1157 William of Tyre writes The city of Shayzar lies upon the same Orontes river which flows by Antioch It is called by some Caesarea and by them is believed to be the famous metropolis of Cappadocia over which the distinguished teacher St Basil once presided but those who hold this view are in grave error For that Caesarea is a fifteen days journey or more from Antioch This city is in Coelesyria a province which is separated from Cappadocia by many intervening provinces Nor is the name Caesarea but rather Caesara It is one of the suffragan cities belonging to the patriarchate of Antioch It is very conveniently situated The lower part extends along the plain while upon the heights of the upper part is the citadel fairly long in extent but rather narrow It is well fortified for in addition to its natural defenses the river protects it on one side and the city on the other so that it is entirely inaccessible Fulcher of Chartres an eyewitness to the siege in 1111 did not know the classical Roman or Greek name for the site and noted that the Turks called it Sisara but the inhabitants of the country commonly call it Chezar Life in the city Regarding the citizens William says they had but little knowledge of arms their attention was devoted almost entirely to trading Many of them were Christians whom William considered to be suffering as slaves under their Muslim rulers but the Munqidhites seem to have been tolerant lords and both Christians and Muslims of various sects lived there peacefully A very lively account of life in Shaizar and various other places in the Muslim world was written by the prince Usamah titled Kitab al I tibar and gives great insight in Muslim life in the 12th century The Munqidhite emirs are shown as patrons of literature who delight in hunting and other sports as well as delighting in making war on and negotiating peace with their Christian and Muslim neighbours Tarix 6 sentyabr 2007 original upload date Menbe Transferred from it wikipedia to Commons Muellif The original uploader was LorisRomito at italyan 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Faylin evvelki versiyasini gormek ucun gun tarix bolmesindeki tarixlere klikleyin Tarix VaxtMiniaturOlculerIstifadeciSerh hal hazirki18 35 2 iyul 20101 024 768 270 KB Nettadi Information Description it Licenza d 039 uso Source Transferred from http it wikipedia org it wikipedia Date Date 2007 09 06 original upload date Author Original uploader was LorisRomito at http it wikiped Faylin istifadesi Asagidaki sehife bu fayli istifade edir Hema muhafezesi Faylin qlobal istifadesi Bu fayl asagidaki vikilerde istifade olunur ar wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi محافظة حماة قلعة شيزر بوابة سوريا مواقع سياحية أرشيف بوابة سوريا مواقع سياحية 13 arz wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi محافظة حماه bg wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Maharda bn wikivoyage org layihesinde istifadesi ম হ রদ ca wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Governacio d 039 Hama ceb wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Hama Governorate cs wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Guvernorat Hama el wikipedia org layihesinde 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muhafaza Shejzar ru wikinews org layihesinde istifadesi Kategoriya Hama muhafaza sr wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Hama pokraјina tr wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Sayzer uk wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Hama provinciya ur wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi شیزر قلعہ شیزر vi wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Hama tỉnh www wikidata org layihesinde istifadesi Q232355 Q12233439 zh min nan wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Hama Seng zh yue wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi 哈馬省Metamelumatlar Bu faylda fotoaparat ve ya skanerle elave olunmus melumatlar var Eger fayl sonradan redakte olunubsa bezi parametrler bu sekilde gosterilenlerden ferqli ola biler Kamera istehsalcisiFUJIFILMKamera modeliFinePix E900Exposure time1 350 saniye 0 0028571428571429 F nomresif 5 6ISO suret reytinqi80Orijinal tarix ve vaxt14 40 24 avqust 2007Fokus mesafesi11 9 mmOrientasiyaNormalUfuqi xett72 dpiSaquli xett72 dpiProqram teminatiACD Systems Digital ImagingFaylin deyismesi tarixi ve 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