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Alemannisch ∙ العربية ∙ беларуская (тарашкевіца) ∙ български ∙ বাংলা ∙ català ∙ нохчийн ∙ čeština ∙ dansk ∙ Deutsch ∙ Ελληνικά ∙ English ∙ British English ∙ Esperanto ∙ español ∙ eesti ∙ euskara ∙ فارسی ∙ suomi ∙ français ∙ Frysk ∙ galego ∙ עברית ∙ hrvatski ∙ magyar ∙ հայերեն ∙ Bahasa Indonesia ∙ Ido ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ ქართული ∙ 한국어 ∙ lietuvių ∙ македонски ∙ മലയാളം ∙ Bahasa Melayu ∙ norsk bokmål ∙ Plattdüütsch ∙ Nederlands ∙ norsk nynorsk ∙ norsk ∙ occitan ∙ polski ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ română ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ Scots ∙ slovenčina ∙ slovenščina ∙ српски / srpski ∙ svenska ∙ தமிழ் ∙ ไทย ∙ Türkçe ∙ татарча/tatarça ∙ українська ∙ vèneto ∙ Tiếng Việt ∙ 中文（简体） ∙ 中文（繁體） ∙ +/−
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Distribution of North American language families north of Mexico
Deutsch (German): Image:Langs_N.Amer_Deutsch.png
español (Spanish): Image:Langs N.Amer espanol.png
français (French): Image:Langs N.Amer fr.png
Info
created by en:User:ish ishwar in 2005, using the GIMP software
released under CC-by-2.0
About sources
Map redrawn and modified primary based on two maps by cartographer Roberta Bloom appearing in Mithun (1999:xviii–xxi). Incidentally, these maps are very derivative of the Driver map of the 1950s–60s (which means that, although published in 1999, it is not as up-to-date as one might think). The other main source used is the up-to-date and very well-done map found in Goddard (1996), which was revised as Goddard (1999). Essentially, Bloom's map was used for the projection and general outline of language borders while Goddard's maps were used to adjust Bloom's borders to reflect the more recent research.
Additional references include Sturtevant (since 1978), Mithun (1999:606–16), and Campbell (1997:353–76). Mithun and Campbell have several maps based on the maps found in Sturtevant (since 1978) and Bright (1992).
About map content
Map delineates each language family in a unique color.
Language isolates are all in dark grey, e.g. Chitimacha (#7) is an isolate in Louisiana. This is not meant to imply any relationship among them whatsoever. All isolates are assigned a number and listed on the right side of map.
Unclassified languages (i.e. #1 Beothuk, #4 Calusa, #8 Adai, #10 Karankawa, #12 Aranama, #15 Solano, #19 Esselen, #26 Cayuse) are in light grey and are also assigned a number and listed with the isolates on the right. (Unclassified languages in the case of North America are unclassified because there is not sufficient data to determine genealogical relationship.)
Areas in white are either
uninhabited (in Alaska, Canada, Greenland),
unknown (due to early extinction and little or no data; this is mostly in the East), or
outside of subject area (in Mexico). (note that Seri (#17) is included because it is usually considered part of the Southwest culture area and also included in various Hokan phylum proposals.)
This is a historical map: Although most languages are still spoken in North America, the extent of their distribution has been profoundly affected by European contact — many languages have become extinct (sometimes including even the peoples). (See Endangered language.)
Language areas are those at earliest time of European contact, as far as can be determined. Since contact occurred at different times in different areas, no historical Native American maps of the entire continent are of a single time period.
Language areas are not as well-defined as this map would suggest: borders are often fuzzy and arbitrary and the entire language area may not be fully occupied by language speakers.
Na-Dene here is Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit, excluding Haida (#28).
The following groupings are disputed by some (or are considered not fully demonstrated):
Plateau Penutian (aka Shahapwailutan) = Klamath-Modoc (isolate) + Molala (isolate) + Sahaptian (family). Sometimes Cayuse (#26) is included in Plateau Penutian, but this language is not very well documented and is now extinct. Thus, it is considered unclassified here.
Yuki-Wappo = Yuki (isolate) + Wappo (isolate).
To do
translation into Spanish & other languages
extend Mexico coverage (for Comecrudo)?
Links
You might want to compare this map with these two older (1967) maps of only the USA:
Image:Early Indian Languages Alaska.jpg
Image:Early Indian Languages USA.jpg
There is also an Inuktitut dialect map in Wikipedia:
Image:Inuktitut dialect map.png
Be sure to check out the beautiful work of Mutur Zikin (www.muturzikin.com):
Distribution Linguistique Aux Étas-Unis Et Canada (in English, Basque, French, Spanish)
Distribution Linguistique En Amérique Latine (in English, Basque, French, Spanish)
Looking for more maps of South America? Go here:
Promotora Española de Lingüística: Lenguas Amerindias (in Spanish)
A (older) map of Mexico (provided by the University of Texas):
Map itself: www.lib.utexas.edu/../aboriginal_map.jpg (in English)
Text accompanying map: www.lib.utexas.edu/../aboriginal_languages_txt.jpg (in English)
Some pages in Wikipedia:
Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas (in English)
Indigenous languages of the Americas (in English)
Mesoamerican languages (in English)
Languages of Peru (in English)
Category: Indigenous languages of the Americas (in English)
Indigene amerikanische Sprachen (in German)
Lenguas amerindias (in Spanish)
Langues amérindiennes (in French)
Some other sites on American languages (in English):
The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas
The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
Native Languages of the Americas
You might also be interesting in:
the Aboriginal Mapping Network (in English)
Other maps in this series
These other maps of single families are generated from the main map above.
Adai
Algic - Algisch - algiques
Alsean - Alsea - alséannes
Atakapa
Beothuk - béothuk
Cayuse
Chimakuan
Chimariko
Chinookan - Chinook
Chitimacha
Chumashan - Chumash
Coahuilteco
Cotoname
Eskimo-Aleut - Eskimo-Aleutisch - eskimo-aléoutes
Esselen
Haida
Karankawa
Karuk - Karok
Keresan - Keres
Kiowa-Tanoan
Kutenai
Muskogean - Muskogee
Na-Dene - na-déné
Natchez
Salishan - Salish
Utian - Uti
Yokutsan - Yokut - yokuts
Bibliography
Bright, William (Ed.). (1992). International encyclopedia of linguistics (Vols. 1-4). New York: Oxford University Press.
Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Driver, Harold E. (1969). Indians of North America (2nd rev. ed.). Chicago: Chicago University Press. (Original work 1961).
Goddard, Ives. (1996). Native languages and language families of North America [Map]. In I. Goddard (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians: Languages (Vol. 17). (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-1604-8774-9.
Goddard, Ives. (1999). Native languages and language families of North America (rev. and enlarged ed. with additions and corrections). [Map]. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press (Smithsonian Institute). (Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996). ISBN 0-8032-9271-6.
Krauss, Michael. (1982). Native peoples and languages of Alaska (rev. ed.). [Map]. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Native Language Center. ISBN 0-933769-00-8.
Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
Powell, John W. (1891). Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico. Seventh annual report, Bureau of American Ethnology (pp. 1-142). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. (Reprinted in P. Holder (Ed.), 1966, Introduction to Handbook of American Indian languages by Franz Boas and Indian linguistic families of America, north of Mexico, by J. W. Powell, Lincoln: University of Nebraska).
Sebeok, Thomas Albert (Ed.). (1973). Current trends in linguistics: Linguistics in North America (Vol. 10, Pts. 1-2). The Hague: Mouton.
Sturtevant, William C. (Ed.). (1978-present). Handbook of North American Indians (Vols. 1-20). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. (Vols. 1-3, 16, 18-20 not yet published).
Thank You
Thanks goes to:
User:Mark Dingemanse for creating his lingustic maps of Africa which inspired me to create this one
en:User:Wapcaplet for helpful suggestions concerning form
User:Vlad2i for kindly providing the Français translation
de:Benutzer:Napa for kindly providing the Deutsch translation
en:User:kwamikagami for helpful suggestions concerning classification, content, and form
en:User:Deglr6328 for helpful suggestions concerning accessibility issues involving viewers with color blindness
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Location of tribal languages on Turtle Island at time of first european contact, abstracted from US ethnology studies
Ubicación de los idiomas indígenos en la Isla Tortuga en el momento del primer contacto europeo
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fayl, langs, amer, fayl, faylın, tarixçəsi, istifadə, edilən, səhifələr, faylın, qlobal, istifadəsi, metaməlumatlarsınaq, göstərişi, ölçüsü, piksel, digər, ölçülər, piksel, piksel, piksel, piksel, piksel, faylın, orijinalı, 8206, piksel, fayl, həcmi, mime, növ. Fayl Faylin tarixcesi Istifade edilen sehifeler Faylin qlobal istifadesi MetamelumatlarSinaq gosterisi olcusu 661 600 piksel Diger olculer 265 240 piksel 529 480 piksel 847 768 piksel 1 129 1 024 piksel 1 290 1 170 piksel Faylin orijinali 8206 1 290 1 170 piksel fayl hecmi 599 KB MIME novu image png Bu fayl Vikimedia Commons dadirve diger layihelerde istifade edile biler Faylin tesvir sehifesine get Mundericat 1 Xulase 2 Info 2 1 About sources 2 2 About map content 2 3 To do 3 Links 4 Other maps in this series 5 Bibliography 6 Thank You 7 Lisenziya Xulase File Langs N Amer svg is a vector version of this file It should be used in place of this PNG file when not inferior File Langs N Amer png File Langs N Amer svg For more information see Help SVG In other languagesAlemannisch العربية belaruskaya tarashkevica blgarski ব ল catala nohchijn cestina dansk Deutsch Ellhnika English British English Esperanto espanol eesti euskara فارسی suomi francais Frysk galego עברית hrvatski magyar հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Ido italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 lietuviu makedonski മലയ ള Bahasa Melayu norsk bokmal Plattduutsch Nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk occitan polski portugues portugues do Brasil romană russkij sicilianu Scots slovencina slovenscina srpski srpski svenska தம ழ ithy Turkce tatarcha tatarca ukrayinska veneto Tiếng Việt 中文 简体 中文 繁體 This is a featured picture on the ingilis language Wikipedia Featured pictures and is considered one of the finest images If you think this file should be featured on Wikimedia Commons as well feel free to nominate it If you have an image of similar quality that can be published under a suitable copyright license be sure to upload it tag it and nominate it Distribution of North American language families north of Mexico Deutsch German Image Langs N Amer Deutsch png espanol Spanish Image Langs N Amer espanol png francais French Image Langs N Amer fr pngInfo created by en User ish ishwar in 2005 using the GIMP software released under CC by 2 0About sources Map redrawn and modified primary based on two maps by cartographer Roberta Bloom appearing in Mithun 1999 xviii xxi Incidentally these maps are very derivative of the Driver map of the 1950s 60s which means that although published in 1999 it is not as up to date as one might think The other main source used is the up to date and very well done map found in Goddard 1996 which was revised as Goddard 1999 Essentially Bloom s map was used for the projection and general outline of language borders while Goddard s maps were used to adjust Bloom s borders to reflect the more recent research Additional references include Sturtevant since 1978 Mithun 1999 606 16 and Campbell 1997 353 76 Mithun and Campbell have several maps based on the maps found in Sturtevant since 1978 and Bright 1992 About map content Map delineates each language family in a unique color Language isolates are all in dark grey e g Chitimacha 7 is an isolate in Louisiana This is not meant to imply any relationship among them whatsoever All isolates are assigned a number and listed on the right side of map Unclassified languages i e 1 Beothuk 4 Calusa 8 Adai 10 Karankawa 12 Aranama 15 Solano 19 Esselen 26 Cayuse are in light grey and are also assigned a number and listed with the isolates on the right Unclassified languages in the case of North America are unclassified because there is not sufficient data to determine genealogical relationship Areas in white are either uninhabited in Alaska Canada Greenland unknown due to early extinction and little or no data this is mostly in the East or outside of subject area in Mexico note that Seri 17 is included because it is usually considered part of the Southwest culture area and also included in various Hokan phylum proposals This is a historical map Although most languages are still spoken in North America the extent of their distribution has been profoundly affected by European contact many languages have become extinct sometimes including even the peoples See Endangered language Language areas are those at earliest time of European contact as far as can be determined Since contact occurred at different times in different areas no historical Native American maps of the entire continent are of a single time period Language areas are not as well defined as this map would suggest borders are often fuzzy and arbitrary and the entire language area may not be fully occupied by language speakers Na Dene here is Athabaskan Eyak Tlingit excluding Haida 28 The following groupings are disputed by some or are considered not fully demonstrated Plateau Penutian aka Shahapwailutan Klamath Modoc isolate Molala isolate Sahaptian family Sometimes Cayuse 26 is included in Plateau Penutian but this language is not very well documented and is now extinct Thus it is considered unclassified here Yuki Wappo Yuki isolate Wappo isolate To do translation into Spanish amp other languages extend Mexico coverage for Comecrudo Links You might want to compare this map with these two older 1967 maps of only the USA Image Early Indian Languages Alaska jpg Image Early Indian Languages USA jpgThere is also an Inuktitut dialect map in Wikipedia Image Inuktitut dialect map pngBe sure to check out the beautiful work of Mutur Zikin www muturzikin com Distribution Linguistique Aux Etas Unis Et Canada in English Basque French Spanish Distribution Linguistique En Amerique Latine in English Basque French Spanish Looking for more maps of South America Go here Promotora Espanola de Linguistica Lenguas Amerindias in Spanish A older map of Mexico provided by the University of Texas Map itself www lib utexas edu aboriginal map jpg in English Text accompanying map www lib utexas edu aboriginal languages txt jpg in English Some pages in Wikipedia Classification schemes for indigenous languages of the Americas in English Indigenous languages of the Americas in English Mesoamerican languages in English Languages of Peru in English Category Indigenous languages of the Americas in English Indigene amerikanische Sprachen in German Lenguas amerindias in Spanish Langues amerindiennes in French Some other sites on American languages in English The Society for the Study of the Indigenous Languages of the Americas The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Native Languages of the AmericasYou might also be interesting in the Aboriginal Mapping Network in English Other maps in this series These other maps of single families are generated from the main map above Adai Algic Algisch algiques Alsean Alsea alseannes Atakapa Beothuk beothuk Cayuse Chimakuan Chimariko Chinookan Chinook Chitimacha Chumashan Chumash Coahuilteco Cotoname Eskimo Aleut Eskimo Aleutisch eskimo aleoutes Esselen Haida Karankawa Karuk Karok Keresan Keres Kiowa Tanoan Kutenai Muskogean Muskogee Na Dene na dene Natchez Salishan Salish Utian Uti Yokutsan Yokut yokutsBibliography Bright William Ed 1992 International encyclopedia of linguistics Vols 1 4 New York Oxford University Press Campbell Lyle 1997 American Indian languages The historical linguistics of Native America New York Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 509427 1 Driver Harold E 1969 Indians of North America 2nd rev ed Chicago Chicago University Press Original work 1961 Goddard Ives 1996 Native languages and language families of North America Map In I Goddard Ed Handbook of North American Indians Languages Vol 17 W C Sturtevant General Ed Washington D C Smithsonian Institution ISBN 0 1604 8774 9 Goddard Ives 1999 Native languages and language families of North America rev and enlarged ed with additions and corrections Map Lincoln NE University of Nebraska Press Smithsonian Institute Updated version of the map in Goddard 1996 ISBN 0 8032 9271 6 Krauss Michael 1982 Native peoples and languages of Alaska rev ed Map Fairbanks AK Alaska Native Language Center ISBN 0 933769 00 8 Mithun Marianne 1999 The languages of Native North America Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 23228 7 hbk ISBN 0 521 29875 X Powell John W 1891 Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico Seventh annual report Bureau of American Ethnology pp 1 142 Washington D C Government Printing Office Reprinted in P Holder Ed 1966 Introduction to Handbook of American Indian languages by Franz Boas and Indian linguistic families of America north of Mexico by J W Powell Lincoln University of Nebraska Sebeok Thomas Albert Ed 1973 Current trends in linguistics Linguistics in North America Vol 10 Pts 1 2 The Hague Mouton Sturtevant William C Ed 1978 present Handbook of North American Indians Vols 1 20 Washington D C Smithsonian Institution Vols 1 3 16 18 20 not yet published Thank You Thanks goes to User Mark Dingemanse for creating his lingustic maps of Africa which inspired me to create this one en User Wapcaplet for helpful suggestions concerning form User Vlad2i for kindly providing the Francais translation de Benutzer Napa for kindly providing the Deutsch translation en User kwamikagami for helpful suggestions concerning classification content and form en User Deglr6328 for helpful suggestions concerning accessibility issues involving viewers with color blindnessLisenziya Bu fayl Creative Commons Attribution 2 0 Generic lisenziyasi altinda yayimlanir Azadsiniz paylasmaq eseri kocurmek paylamaq ve oturmek ucun remiks etmek eseri adaptasiya etmek Asagidaki sertlere riayet etmekle istinad Muvafiq kredit vermelisiniz lisenziyaya bir kecid vermelisiniz ve deyisikliklerin olub olmadigini bildirmelisiniz Bunu her hansi bir aglabatan sekilde ede bilersiniz ancaq lisenziyalasdiricinin sizi ve ya istifadenizi tesdiqlemesini teklif eden bir sekilde deyil https creativecommons org licenses by 2 0 CC BY 2 0 Creative Commons Attribution 2 0 true trueCaptionsazerbaycancaAdd a one line explanation of what this file representsingilisLocation of tribal languages on Turtle Island at time of first european contact abstracted from US ethnology studiesispanUbicacion de los idiomas indigenos en la Isla Tortuga en el momento del primer contacto europeoItems portrayed in this filetesvir edircopyright status ingiliscopyrighted ingilislisenziyaCreative Commons Attribution 2 0 Generic ingilis Faylin tarixcesi Faylin evvelki versiyasini gormek ucun gun tarix bolmesindeki tarixlere klikleyin en yeni en evvelki Goster 10 daha yeni 10 daha kohne 10 20 50 100 250 500 Tarix VaxtKicik sekilOlculerIstifadeciSerh indiki17 28 20 iyul 20191 290 1 170 599 KB DennissReverted to version as of 21 52 1 March 2009 UTC 16 54 13 iyul 20191 290 1 170 840 KB Thylacinus cynocephalusHaving colonial borders on an indigenous language map is offensive 21 52 1 mart 20091 290 1 170 599 KB Malus Catulusoptipng pngout 14 31 22 dekabr 20061 290 1 170 668 KB Mahahahaneapneappngcrushed 00 43 11 noyabr 20061 290 1 170 916 KB Ish ishwarupdate 04 55 1 aprel 20061 296 1 176 678 KB Locke Colesmaller file pngout f0 Langs N Amer png b4096 Change 315546 bytes 68 of original 04 01 7 yanvar 20061 296 1 176 986 KB Ish ishwaradai chimariko unclassified adjust uto aztec salinan southern athabasc muskogean Isla Angel de la Guarda Isla del Tiburon Lake Okeechobee 21 24 9 dekabr 20051 318 1 195 714 KB Ish ishwarchecker grid pattern to Chumash 06 12 6 dekabr 20051 318 1 195 714 KB Ish ishwarforgot seri fix fam key 01 21 6 dekabr 20051 318 1 195 712 KB Ish ishwarupdate en yeni en evvelki Goster 10 daha yeni 10 daha kohne 10 20 50 100 250 500 Istifade edilen sehifeler Bu sekile olan kecidler Simali Amerika medeniyyeti Faylin qlobal istifadesi Bu fayl asagidaki vikilerde istifade olunur af wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Inheemse tale van die Amerikas an wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Luengas amerindias ar wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi أمريكا الشمالية azb wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi کانادا قیزیل دری لی لری bat smg wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Indienu kalbas be tarask wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Paynochnaya Ameryka beta wikiversity org layihesinde istifadesi ਵ ਦ ਅਕ ਮ ਡ ਆ ਜ ਗਰ ਕਤ ਅਭ ਆਨ ਭ ਗ ਲ ਐਟਲਸ POTD 3 be wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Indzejskiya movy Paynochnaj Ameryki bg wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Indianci br wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Familh yezhou ca wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Usuari Ish ishwar cawiki Portal Llengues Portal Llengues Articles seleccionats Plantilla Gener article de Llengues Coahuiltec ca wikimedia org layihesinde istifadesi Contribute Indigenous Annual Strategic Plan 2021 cs wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Prvni narody Wikipedista Standazx da wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Amerikas oprindelige folk Bruger Ish ishwar dawiki da wikibooks org layihesinde istifadesi Amerikas oprindelige folk de wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Geschichte der First Nations dsb wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi Psegled recnych swojzbow en wikipedia org layihesinde istifadesi History of the Americas North America Native Americans in the United States First Nations in Canada Lower Rio Grande Valley User Ish ishwar Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas Wikipedia Featured pictures thumbs 03 Indigenous peoples of the Americas Wikipedia Wikipedia Signpost 2005 12 26 Features and admins Wikipedia Featured picture candidates December 2005 Wikipedia Featured picture candidates Indigenous language families north of Mexico User Cyde Featured pictures Talk New World Wikipedia Picture of the day April 2006 Wikipedia POTD April 1 2006 Wikipedia Picture of the day April 1 2006 Wikipedia Today s second feature April 1 2006 Portal North America Selected picture User talk Wapcaplet Archive 3 Wikipedia POTD column April 1 2006 Wikipedia POTD row April 1 2006 User talk Ish ishwar 2005talkpage Talk Indigenous peoples of the Americas Archive 1 Portal Maps Selected picture List of language families Bu faylin qlobal istifadesine baxin Metamelumatlar Bu faylda fotoaparat ve ya skanerle elave olunmus melumatlar var Eger fayl sonradan redakte olunubsa bezi parametrler bu sekilde gosterilenlerden ferqli ola biler Faylin deyismesi tarixi ve vaxti00 39 11 noyabr 2006Ufuqi xett78 74 dpcSaquli xett78 74 dpcPNG sekil serhiIgnored Tags 010D 0152 Menbe https az wikipedia org wiki Fayl Langs N Amer png, wikipedia, oxu, kitab, kitabxana, axtar, tap, hersey,
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